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General Research
Interests
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Ethnobotany / Economic Botany
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Plant Ecology and Regeneration Ecology
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Systematics (Plukenetieae, Merianeae)
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Seed and Germination Ecology
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Natural Resource Management
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International Law in Relation to Intellectual Property Rights, Ecology,
and Environment
Current Projects
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Medicinal plants and climate change: Biodiversity, systematics, ecology
and use-potential of high altitude species in the Andes, Himalaya,
and Caucasus ranges
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Vegetation, regeneration and succession processes, use-potential
and conservation of tropical mountain forests in Peru and Bolivia
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Montane forest ecosystems in Southern Ethiopia - Biodiversity in
the interface of human use, wildlife conservation, and climate change
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Phylogeny and sustainable use of a tropical plant resource: The example
of Arecaceae in the Andes, Madagascar, and Southeast Asia
Publications (2008–2013)
- Monigatti, M., Bussmann, R.W., Weckerle, C.S. (2013). Medicinal plant
use in two Andean communities located at different altitudes in the
Bolivar Province, Peru. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 145(2):450-464.
- Kunwar, R.M., Mahat, L., Acharya, R.P. Bussmann, R.W. Medicinal plants,
traditional medicine, markets and management in far-west Nepal. Journal
of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 9:24.
- Bhat, J.A., Kumar, M., Bussmann, R.W. (2013). Ecological status and
traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary
of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
9(1).
- Kumar, M., Sheikha, M.A., Bussmann, R.W. (2013). Effect of fire on
soil nutrient in Chir pine forest in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Journal
of Acta Ecologica Sinica 33 (1):59-63.
- Bussmann, R.W. (in press). East African plant use – differences
in plant use between nomadic and agricultural societies. Scripta
Botanica Belgica.
- Azahuanche, F.P., Rodríguez Ávalos, F., León
Aponte, G., Sharon, D., Bussmann, R.W., Willsky, G.R., Guerrero, G.,
Willner, K., Castro Dionicio, I. (2012). Estudio fitoquímico
y antibacteriano de mezclas de plantas medicinales. En búsqueda
de nuevos componentes. - Phytochemical and antibacterial study of medicinal
plant mixtures. In search of new components. Pueblo Continente
23(32):339-343.
- Bussmann, R.W., Paniagua Zambrana, N.Y. (2012). Axinaea ninakurorum
Bussmann, Paniagua – a new species from the Northern Peruvian
Merianeae hotspot. Arnaldoa 9(1).
- Bussmann, R.W., Paniagua Zambrana, N.Y. (2012). "Facing global
markets - Usage changes in Amazonian Palms: the example of Euterpe
precatoria and E. oleracea". Acta Societatis
Botanicorum Poloniae. 81 (4):257-261.
- Kumar, M., Bussmann, R.W. (2012). Biodiversity and Conservation Biology,
In: Raj, A.J., Lal, S.B. (eds.): Forestry: Principles and Applications.
Scientific Publishers: Jodhpur, India.
- Kunwar, R.M., Mahat, L., Sharma, L.N., Shrestha, K.P., Kominee, H.,
Bussmann, R.W. (2012). Underutilized Plant Species in Far-West Nepal
– A Valuable Resource Being Wasted. Journal of Mountain Science
9:589-600.
- Kumar, P., Kumar, M., Bussmann, R.W. (2012). Isolation and spectral
characterization of a new biaurone from Pongamia pinnata (L.)
Merr. (Fabaceae) pods. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.
- Quiroga, R., Meneses, L., Bussmann, R.W. (2012). Medicinal ethnobotany
in Huacareta (Chiquisaca, Bolivia). Journal of Ethnobiology and
Ethnomedicine 8:29.
- Bussmann, R.W. A Tribute to Richard E. Schultes. (2012). In: Ponman,
B., Bussmann R.W. (eds.): Medicinal plants and the legacy of Richard
E. Schultes. Proceedings of the Botany 2011 Richard E Schultes Symposium.
Graficart, Trujillo, vii-xi.
- Bussmann, R.W. I Know Every Tree in the Forest: Reflections on the
Life and Legacy of Richard Evans Schultes (2012). In: Ponman, B., Bussmann
R.W. (eds.): Medicinal plants and the legacy of Richard E. Schultes.
Proceedings of the Botany 2011 Richard E Schultes Symposium. Graficart,
Trujillo, 13-22.
- Bussmann, R.W., Paniagua Zambrana, N. (2012). Traditional knowledge
in a changing world - new insights from the Chacobo in Bolivia. In:
Ponman, B., Bussmann R.W. (eds.): Medicinal plants and the legacy
of Richard E. Schultes. Proceedings of the Botany 2011 Richard E Schultes
Symposium. Graficart, Trujillo, 23-34.
- Bussmann, R.W., Glenn, A. (2011). Mending the heart. Plants used in
Peruvian ethnomedicine for heart disease, blood pressure irregularities
and cholesterol control. Arnaldoa 18(1).
- Bussmann, R.W., Glenn, A. (2011). Traditional medicinal plants used
in Northern Peru for kidney problems and urinary infections. Arnaldoa
18(2).
- Sheikh, M.A., Kumar, M., Todaria N.P., Bussmann, R.W. (2011). Forest
carbon stocks and fluxes in physiographic zones of India. Carbon
Balance and Management 6(15).
- Bussmann, R.W., Glenn, A. (2011). Traditional knowledge for modern
ailments – plants used for the treatment of diabetes and cancer
in Northern Peru. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(31),
6916-6930.
- Vandebroek, I., Reyes-Garcia, V., de Albuquerque, U.P., Bussmann,
R.W., Pieroni, A. (2011) Local knowledge: who cares? J Ethnobiology
and Ethnomedicine 7:35.
- Kumar, M., Sheikh, M.A., Bussmann, R.W. (2011). Ethnomedicinal and
ecological status of plants in Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Ethnobiology
and Ethnomedicine 7:32.
- Bussmann, R.W., Swartzinsky, P., Worede, A., Evangelista, P. (2011).
Plant use in Odo-Bulu and Demaro, Bale region, Ethiopia. J Ethnobiology
and Ethnomedicine 7:28
- Bussmann, R.W. (2011). “I know every tree, every single tree
one can see…” – The life and legacy of Richard E.
Schultes. Plant Science Bulletin 57(2):66-69.
- Bussmann, R.W., Malca, G., Glenn, A., Sharon, D., Nilsen, B., Parris,
B., Dubose, D., Ruiz, D., Saleda, J., Martinez, M., Carillo, L., Walker,
K., Kuhlman, A., Townesmith, A. (2011). Toxicity of medicinal plants
used in Northern Peru. J. Ethnopharmacology 137:121-140.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (2011). Fighting infections –
medicinal plants used in Northern Peru for the treatment of bacterial
and fungal infections and inflammation symptoms. Journal of Medicinal
Plant Research 5(8):1297-1304.
- Kumar, M., Bussmann, R.W., Mukesh, J., Kumar, P. (2011). Ethnomedicinal
uses of plants close to rural habitation in Garhwal Himalayan, India.
Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 5(11):2252-2260.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (2011). Fighting pain. Traditional
Peruvian remedies for the treatment of Asthma, Rheumatism, Arthritis
and sore bones. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10(3):397-412.
- Bussmann, R.W., Glenn, A., Sharon, D., Chait, G., Díaz, D.,
Pourmand, K., Jonat, B., Somogy, S., Guardado, G., Aguirre, C., Meyer,
K., Rothrock, A., Townesmith, A. (2011). Antibacterial activity of Northern
Peruvian medicinal plants. Ethnobotany Research and Application
9:67-96.
- Laurance, W.F., Useche, C.D., Shoo, L.P., Herzog, S.K., Kessler,
M., Escobar, F., Brehm, G., Axmacher, J.C., Chen, I.C., Arellano Gámez,
L., Hietz, P., Fiedler, K., Pyrcz, T., Wolf, J., Merkord, C.L., Cardelus,
C., Marshall, A., Ah-Peng, C., Aplet, G.H., Coro Arizmendi, M. del,
Baker, W.J., Barone, J., Brühl, C.A., Bussmann, R.W., Cicuzza,
D., Eilu, G., Favila, M.E., Hietz, P., Hemp, A., Hemp, C., Homeier,
J., Huey, R.B., Hurtado, J., Jankowski, J., Kattán, G., Kluge,
J., Krömer, T., Lees, D., Lehnert, M., Longino, J.T., Lovett, J.,
Martin, P.H., Patterson, B., Pearson, R., Peh, K.S.-H., Richardson,
B., Richardson, M., Samways, M., Feyera Senbeta, F., Smith, T.B., Tim
Utteridge, T., Watkins, J.E., Wilson, R., Williams, S.E., & Thomas,
C.D. (2011). Global warming and the vulnerability of tropical biota:
Where do the thermal specialists live? Biological Conservation 144:548–557.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (2010). Plants used for the treatment
of gastro-intestinal ailments in Northern Peruvian ethnomedicine. Arnaldoa
17(2):255-270.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (2010). Peruvian medicinal plants
for the treatment of liver and gallbladder ailments. Arnaldoa
17(2):243-253.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (2010). Traditional Peruvian medicine
for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Revista Peruana de Biologia
17(2):331-346.
- Kunwar, R.M., Shrestha, K.P., Bussmann, R.W. (2010). Traditional
herbal medicine in Far-west Nepal: a pharmacological appraisal. Journal
of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 6:35.
- Joshi, M., Kumar, M. & Bussmann, R.W. (2010). Ethnomedicinal
uses of plant resources of the Haigad watershed in Kumaun Himalaya.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 4 (special
issue 1):43-46.
- Kunwar, R.M., Burlakoti, C., Chowdhary, C.L. & Bussmann, R.W.
(2010). Medicinal Plants in Farwest Nepal: Their Indigenous Uses and
Pharmacological Validity. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and
Biotechnology 4 (special issue 1):28-42.
- Hennig L., Malca-García G., Giannis A., Bussmann R.W. (2010).
New constituents of Baccharis genistelliodes (Lam.) Pers.
Archive for Organic Chemistry (vi):74-82.
- Bussmann, R.W., Malca, G., Glenn, A., Sharon, D., Chait, G., Díaz,
D., Pourmand, K., Jonat, B., Somogy, S., Guardado, G., Aguirre, C. ,
Meyer, K., Rothrock, A., Townesmith, A., Effio-Carbajal, J., Frías-Fernandez,
F., Benito, M. (2010). Minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal
plants used in Northern Peru as antibacterial remedies. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology 132:101-108.
- Njoroge, G.N., Gemmill, B., Bussmann, R.W., Newton, L.E., Ngumi,
V.M. (2010). Diversity and efficiency of wild pollinators of watermelon
(Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.) at Yatta, Kenya. Journal
of Applied Horticulture 12(1):35-41.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (2010). Medicinal plants used in Northern
Peru for reproductive problems and female health. Journal of Ethnobiology
and Ethnomedicine 6(30).
- Lozano, P., Kueppers, M., and Bussmann, R.W. (2010). Plant Diversity
on Parámo and Andean Elfin Forest in Podocarpus National Park
Loja, Ecuador. Arnaldoa 17(2):193-202.
- Bussmann, R.W., Gruhn, J. & Glenn, A. (2010). Axinaea fernando-cabiesii
and A. reginae spp. nov. (Melastomataceae) from upper Amazonia
of Peru, with notes on the conservation status of A. flava.
Nordic Journal of Botany 28:518-522.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D. & Glenn, A. (2010). Healing the body,
healing the soul. Traditional remedies for “magical” ailments,
nervous system and psychosomatic disorders in Northern Peru. African
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 4(9):580-629.
- Bussmann, R.W., Glenn, A. & Sharon, D. (2010). Antibacterial
activity of medicinal plants of Northern Peru – can traditional
applications provide leads for modern science? Indian Journal of
Traditional Medicine 9(4):742-753.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (2010). Cooling the heat - Traditional
remedies for malaria and fever in Northern Peru. Ethnobotany Research
and Application 8:125–134.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A., Meyer, K., Rothrock, A., Townesmith,
A. (2010). Herbal mixtures in traditional medicine in Northern Peru.
J Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 6(10).
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D. (2010). Nombrando un fantasma: La búsqueda
de la identidad de Ulluchu, una planta ceremonial no identificada de
la cultura Moche en el norte de Perú. In: Galvez, C (ed): Medicina
Tradicional Conocimiento Milenario. Serie Antropología No
1-2009, 171–182. Museo de Arquelogía, Antropología
e Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
- Sharon, D., Glass-Coffin, B. & Bussmann, R.W. (2010). La mesa
de Julia Calderón de Ávila. In: Galvez, C (ed): Medicina
Tradicional Conocimiento Milenario. Serie Antropología No
1-2009, 245–254. Museo de Arquelogía, Antropología
e Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Sharon, D. (2010). From collection to market
and cure – an interdisciplinary study of traditional plant use
in Northern Peru. Albuquerque, U.P. and Hanazaki,N. (Eds). Recent
Developments and Case Studies in Ethnobotany. Recife, Brazil: Brazilian
Society of Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology (SBEE)/ Publication Group of
Ecology and Applied Ethnobotany (NUPEEA). 288p; pp. 184–207.
- Lozano, P., Bussmann, R.W. & Cleef, A. (2009). Phytogeography
of the Vascular Páramo Flora of Podocarpus National Park, South
Ecuador. Arnaldoa 16(2):69–85.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D., Diaz, D., Cardenas, R., Chait, G., Castro,
M., Regalado, S., Del Toro C., R., Malca G., G., Perez A, F., Glenn,
A. (2009). Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant species in Northern
Peru. Arnaldoa 16(1):93–103.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D., Castro, M., Cardenas, R., Chait, G.,
Regalado, S., Del Toro C., R., Malca G., G., Perez A, F. & Glenn,
A. (2009). Phyto-Chemical Analysis of Peruvian Medicinal Plants. Arnaldoa
16(1):105– 110.
- Restrepo, C., Walker, L.R., Shiels, A.B., Bussmann, R.W., Claessens,
L., Fisch, S., Lozano, P., Negi, G., Paolini, L., Poveda, G., Ramos-Scharrón,
C., Richter, M. & Velázquez, E. (2009). Landsliding and its
multi-scale influence on mountainscapes. BioScience 59(8):685–698.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D., Diaz, D., Cardenas, R., Chait, G., Castro,
M., Regalado, S., Del Toro C., R., Malca G., G., Perez A, F., Glenn,
A. (in press). Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant species in
Northern Peru. Arnaldoa 16(1).
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D., Castro, M., Cardenas, R., Chait, G.,
Regalado, S., Del Toro C., R., Malca G., G., Perez A, F. & Glenn,
A. (in press). Phyto-Chemical Analysis of Peruvian Medicinal Plants.
Arnaldoa 16(1).
- Kunwar, R.M. & Bussmann, R.W. (2009). Medicinal, Aromatic and
Dye Plants of Baitadi and Darchula Districts, Nepal Himalaya: status,
uses and management. In: Hartmann, M. & J. Weipert: Biodiversität
& Naturausstattung im Himalaya, Bd. III, p. 475–489,
Erfurt.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (in press). Peruvian medicinal plants
for the treatment of liver and gallbladder ailments. Arnaldoa.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A. (in press). Cooling the heat - Traditional
remedies for malaria and fever in Northern Peru. Ethnobotany Research
and Application.
- Joshi, M., Kumar, M. & Bussmann, R.W. (in press). Ethnomedicinal
uses of plant resources of the Haigad watershed in Kumaun Himalaya.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology.
- Kunwar, R.M., Burlakoti, C., Chowdhary, C.L. & Bussmann, R.W.
(in press). Medicinal Plants in Farwest Nepal: Their Indigenous Uses
and Pharmacological Validity. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science
and Biotechnology.
- Lozano, P., Bussmann, R.W. & Cleef, A. (in press). Phytogeography
of the Vascular Páramo Flora of Podocarpus National Park, South
Ecuador. Arnaldoa 16(2):69–85.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Glenn, A., Meyer, K., Ro throck, A., Townesmith,
A. (2010). Herbal mixtures in traditional medicine in Northern Peru.
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 6(10).
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D. (2010). Nombrando un fantasma: La búsqueda
de la identidad de Ulluchu, una planta ceremonial no identificada de
la cultura Moche en el norte de Perú. In: Galvez, C (ed): Medicina
Tradicional Conocimiento Milenario. Serie Antropología No
1-2009. Museo de Arquelogía, Antropología e Historia,
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. pp.
171–182.
- Sharon, D., Glass-Coffin, B. & Bussmann, R.W. (2010). La mesa
de Julia Calderón de Ávila. In: Galvez, C (ed): Medicina
Tradicional Conocimiento Milenario. Serie Antropología No
1-2009. Museo de Arquelogía, Antropología e Historia,
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. pp.
245–254.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Sharon, D. (2010). From collection to market
and cure – an interdisciplinary study of traditional plant use
in Northern Peru. In: Albuquerque, U.P. and Hanazaki,N. (eds): Recent
Developments and Case Studies in Ethnobotany. Recife, Brazil: Brazilian
Society of Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology (SBEE)/ Publication Group of
Ecology and Applied Ethnobotany (NUPEEA). pp. 184–207.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D., Diaz, D., Cardenas, R., Chait, G., Castro,
M., Regalado, S., Del Toro C., R., Malca G., G., Perez A, F., Glenn,
A. (2009). Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant species in Northern
Peru. Arnaldoa 16(1):93–103.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D., Castro, M., Cardenas, R., Chait, G., Regalado,
S., Del Toro C., R., Malca G., G., Perez A, F. & Glenn, A. (2009).
Phyto-Chemical Analysis of Peruvian Medicinal Plants. Arnaldoa
16(1):105–110.
- Restrepo, C., Walker, L.R., Shiels, A.B., Bussmann, R.W., Claessens,
L., Fisch, S., Lozano, P., Negi, G., Paolini, L., Poveda, G., Ramos-Scharrón,
C., Richter, M. & Velázquez, E. (2009). Landsliding and its
multi-scale influence on mountainscapes. BioScience 59(8):685–698.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D. & Garcia, M. (2009). From Chamomile
to Aspirin? Medicinal Plant use among clients at Laboratorios Beal in
Trujillo, Peru. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 7:399–407.
- Kunwar, R.M. & Bussmann, R.W. (2009). Medicinal, Aromatic and
Dye Plants of Baitadi and Darchula Districts, Nepal Himalaya: Status,
Uses and Management. In: Hartmann, M. & J. Weipert: Biodiversität
& Naturausstattung im Himalaya, Bd. III. Erfurt. p. 475–489.
- Sheikh, M.A., Kumar, M. & Bussmann, R.W. (2009). Altitudinal variation
in soil organic carbon stock in Pinus roxburghii and Quercus
leucotrichophora forests in Garhwal Himalayas. Carbon Balance
and Management 4:6 [link].
- Bussmann, R.W. & Sharon, D. (2009). Markets, Healers, Vendors,
Collectors, - the sustainability of medicinal plant use in Northern
Peru. Mountain Research and Development 29(2):128–134.
- Njoroge, G.N. & Bussmann, R.W. (2009). Ethnotherapeutic management
of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and reproductive health conditions
in Central Province, Kenya. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge
8(2):262–269.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D. (2009). Naming a phantom - the quest to
find the identity of Ulluchu, an unidentified ceremonial plant of the
Moche culture in Northern Peru. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
5(8) [link].
- Bussmann, R.W., Téllez, C. & Glenn, A. (2009). Plukenetia
huayllabambana (Euphorbiaceae) - a new useful species from the
Upper Amazon of Peru. Nordic Journal of Botany 27:313–315.
- Bussmann, R.W. & Sharon, D. (2009). Shadows of the colonial past
- diverging plant use in Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador. Journal
of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 5(4) [link].
- Kunwar, R.M., Upreti, Y., Burlakoti, C., Chowdhary, C.L. & Bussmann,
R.W. (2009) Indigenous use and ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants
in Far-west Nepal. Ethnobotany Research and Application 7:5–28.
- Kuwar, R.M., Chowdhary, C.L. & Bussmann R.W. (2008). Diversity,
utilization and management of medicinal plants in Baitadi and Darchula
districts, farwest Nepal. The Initiation 2(1):157–164.
- Bussmann, R.W., Barocio, Y., Díaz P., D. & Sharon, D.
(2008). Peruvian Plants Canchalagua (Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.)
Kuntze), Hercampuri (Gentianella alborosea (Gilg.) Fabris),
and Corpus Way (Gentianella bicolor (Wedd.) J. Pringle) prove
to be effective in the treatment of acne. Arnaldoa 15(1):149–152.
- Kunwar, R.M. & Bussmann, R.W. (2008). Ethnobotany in the Nepal
Himalaya: a review. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
4:24 [link].
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D.& Ly, J. (2008). From garden to market?
The cultivation of native and introduced medicinal plant species in
Cajamarca, Peru and implications habitat conservation. Ethnobotany
Research and Application 6:351–361.
- Kiefer, S. & Bussmann, R.W. (2008). The potential energy demand
and challenges for forest management in the Kakamega area, W-Kenya.
Ethnobotany Research and Application 6:353–371.
- Bussmann, R.W., Sharon, D., Fredy, P., Díaz, D., Ford, T.,
Rasheed, T. & Silva, R. (2008). Antibacterial activity of Northern-Peruvian
Medicinal Plants - a low cost laboratory approach to assess biological
activity. Arnaldoa 15(1):127–148.
- Bussmann, R.W. (2008) William L. Brown Center for Plant Genetic Resources.
Mountain Forum Bulletin July 2008:52–53.
- Lozano, P., Bussmann, R.W., Kueppers, M. & Lozano, D. (2008).
La flora pionera de derrumbos naturals en ecosistemas montanos al occidente
del Parque Nacional Podocarpus (Ecuador). Caldasia 30(1):1–19.
- Revene, Z., Bussmann R.W. & Sharon, D. (2008). From Sierra to
Coast: Tracing the Supply of Medicinal Plants in Northern Peru—a
plant collector's tale. Ethnobotany Research and Application
6:15–22 [link].
- Richter, M., Diertl, K.-H., Peters, T. & Bussmann, R.W. (2008).
Timberline features and structures within the subpáramo vegetation
belt of Southern Ecuador. Ecological Studies 198:123–136.
- Bussmann, R.W., Wilcke, W. & Richter, M. (2008). The importance
of landslides for the dynamics of the vegetation and the maintenance
of the high biodiversity in Southern Ecuador. Ecological Studies
198:319–330.
Research Specialists Leo (gold) and Ravi (black),
who specialize in the study of water plants.
Updated 05/15/13 |
